Section 3 (5-3) Sedimentary Rocks

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Vocabulary

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sediment- solid, small pieces of material that comes down from rivers from rock or a living things.
erosion- force to destructive rocks,and living things (such as heat and cold, rain, waves,and grinding ice)
deposition- the action of wind, snow, etc. to drop sediments to settle
compaction- to make sediments smaller
cemetation- the action which dissolved materials crystallize on sediments and glue them together
clastic rock- kind of a sedimentary rock that is made up of small rock particles
organic rock- sedimentary rock that contains part or were made up by living things
chemical rock- a sedimentary rock that dissolved minerals crystallize to form a rock

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Outline

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From Sediment to Rock

• Sedimentary rock is formed when small particles are deposited and glued them together.
• Erosion is a destructive force that breaks up and wear away rocks.
• Deposition is when water, wind, etc. slows down and deposits sediments in the lake, ocean, etc.
• Compaction is an action which makes each sediment smaller by its own weight.
• Cementation is when dissolved mineral in water crystallize on sediments so that it would glue them all.

Types of Sedimentary Rock

• Basically, sedimentary rock is divided into three types according to the type of sediments each rock include.
• Clastic Rocks
  • Clastic rock contains broken parts of other rocks.
    • Within clastic rocks, they are divided according to size of the sediments.
• Shale is the one of common clastic rock.
  • It is made from clay
• Sandstone
  • It is made from sands at beaches, sand dunes, etc.
    • It has many small holes because the compaction that happens to sandstones doesn't fill all open spaces.
• Conglomerate and Breccia
  • Conglomerate and breccia contains different sizes of rock fragments.
    • The rock fragments' size differ from sand and pebbles to boulders.
      • If the rock fragments are round, that rock is conglomerate.
      • If there are large and sharp-edged rock fragments inside, it is breccia.

Organic Rocks

• Organic rocks must have particles of living things or made from living things such as bones, plants, etc.
• Coal
  • Coal is a remains of swamp plants buried in water.
  • Limestone is made from calcite which is made from shells of dead coral, clams, oysters, etc.

Chemical Rocks

• Chemical rock is basically a crystal of dissolved mineral.
  • Some limestone is considered a chemical rock.
• Chemical rock can also form from mineral deposits.
  • Rock salt is a type of chemical rock and it is formed when mineral halite evaporates.
  • Gypsum is another chemical rock formed from evaporation of a mineral.

Uses of Sedimentary Rocks

• People used limestone and sandstones as building materials.
  • This is because they are soft enough to cut into blocks or slabs.
• Today, they are used for decoration.
• Limestone also has industry uses.
  • It is put into the when smelting an iron.
  • Also it is mixed with cement.

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Diagram

This image shows the deposition, and the begining of compaction.

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